Grade 1 Superficial ulcer

Grade 2 Deeper, full thickness extension

Grade 3 Deep abscess formation or osteomyelitis

Grade 4 Partial Gangrene of forefoo

The common underlying causes are poor glycemic control, calluses, foot deformities, improper foot care, ill-fitting footwear, underlying peripheral neuropathy and poor circulation, dry skin, etc. About 60% of diabetics will develop neuropathy, eventually leading to a foot ulcer. When evaluating the evidence for wound care products, it is important to ensure that all basic aspects of best-practice care were included in the study. These include sharp debridement when appropriate, revascularization where needed and possible, treatment of clinical infection, and, most importantly for neuropathic ulcers, off-loading of the area in line with guidance from the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Local treatment 1. gauze

Gauze, or cloth, dressings are made of woven cotton fabric in various sizes and shapes. Most common are gauze sponges and rolls of gauze. You can use gauze sponges and gauze rolls depending on the type, size, or location of the wound that needs to be dressed. Gauze sponges absorb excess fluid that injuries can produce from damage.

Rolls of gauze bandages are generally all-purpose regarding wound care dressing types and are usually inexpensive and widely available.

when to use a gauze wound dressing:

 • On an infected wound

 • On wounds that require wrapping or extra packing

 • On injuries that require frequent dressing changes

 • Injuries that are draining or will have excess discharge

Foam dressings are soft and gentle wound dressings made of polyurethane foam. This dressing will keep moisture in the wound area while protecting the wound from harmful bacteria. The foam dressing’s design will ensure that it will not stick to the wound area.

Foam dressings can be purchased in either adhesive or non-adhesive forms. By keeping the wound area moist, foam dressings can promote faster healing of the wound area.

when to use a foam wound dressing:

 • Pressure ulcers

 • Minor burns

 • Skin grafts

 • Diabetic ulcers

Transparent film wound dressings are thin films composed of polymer membranes. These film dressings come in several thickness variations and will have an adhesive on one side of the film dressing.

The essential function of transparent film dressings is to allow a doctor or physician to actively see and monitor a wound without being exposed to the elements. Additionally, these surgical wound dressing types of bandages protect against liquid, water, and bacteria from entering the damage.

Patients that have received transparent film wound dressings have claimed that the thin and flexible material is comfortable on the wound and can aid in mobility.

when to use a transparent film wound dressing:

 • O brasions

 • Second-degree burns

 • On a surgical incision site

Do you need help recovering from an illness or surgery? Our team can help provide the assistance you need to heal. Contact us today.

Hydrocolloid dressings are absorbent pads that are incredibly flexible. The pads consist of particles like methylcellulose, gelatin, or pectin. When these colloidal particles mix with moisture, they create a gel-like substance that sits in the wound area. The gel made by hydrocolloid wound dressings keeps the wound’s surface moist and promotes faster healing.

when to use a hydrocolloid wound dressing:

 • On wounds with light to moderate draining

 • Burn wounds

 • Necrotic wounds

 • Pressure ulcers

 • Venous ulcers

A hydrogel wound dressing treats wounds that are too dry or need some extra help healing. Hydrogel acts as a wound dressing that will intentionally add moisture to an injury. The healing rate of a wound is increased when additional moisture is introduced.

Some hydrogel wound dressings include an additional cooling gel that can add comfort to the patient as their injuries heal. Hydrogel dressings are helpful for various types and sizes of wounds, and their application can be multitudinous.

when to use a hydrogel wound dressing:

 • On excessive dry wound areas

 • Wounds with dead tissue

 • Painful or necrotic wound. Revascularization.

1.Endovascular treatment:Nowaday Endovascular treatments is choice of revascularization.Advancement in the field of endovascular therapy has led to increased salvage foot angioplasty and avoiding minor and major limb amputations.Different techniques used in endovascular therapy including Balloon angioplasty, stents, distal arterialization that can be done in ante-grade or retrograde approaches.compare to traditional open surgery treatment endovascular therapy is non-invasive surgery and has less pain and hospital stay.Also Endovascular Therapy is more cost benefit than traditional surgical treatment. 2.open surgical treatment:various techniques can be used in open surgical treatment such as bypass graft surgery with saphenous vein or synthetic graft, Distal arterialization.open surgery should be done when endovascular therapy can not be used due to patient status. In conclusion, effective management of diabetic foot ulcers requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating evidence-based interventions and personalized care plans. Modern treatments for these complex wounds have significantly evolved, with advancements in advanced wound dressings, medical devices, growth factors, cellular therapies, offloading techniques, and infection control strategies. However, there remain challenges to be addressed, such as limited resources, access to care, and further research into novel therapeutic approaches. By continuously striving for innovation and implementing comprehensive care models, healthcare professionals can enhance patient outcomes and reduce the burden of diabetic foot ulcers in the future.